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A
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A
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Adhesion - Intercoat
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Common
Problem | Delamination between coats Whitening of film between coats |
Chemcraft
Solution | Ensure correct sanding between coats Allow correct dry time of sealer coats Use correct finishing system Ensure no contamination on previous coat Apply a wet coat material Do not fog or mist coating to apply thinner film builds |
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Adhesion - Stain
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Common
Problem | Delamination to stain Whitening of film between coats |
Chemcraft
Solution | Reduce application of stain Ensure sufficient wiping of stain Allow correct dry time of stain Dark stains should be obtained by using toners before stain application Avoid heavy shading Make sure to use the correct finishing system (sealer/topcoat) to match stain Apply wet coat of sealer or topcoat Do not fog or mist coating to apply thinner film builds |
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Adhesion - Substrate
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Common
Problem | Removal of film to substrate Delamination to substrate when impacted |
Chemcraft
Solution | Ensure correct sanding of substrate Use correct finishing system to match topcoat with primer used Ensure no contamination on substrate Apply wet coat of material Do not fog or mist coating to apply thinner film builds Closed grain hardwoods should be well sanded before use Higher solids finishes need a better wood profile to anchor to than low solids Ensure sand paper is not worn |
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Air Entrapment
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Common
Problem | Bubbles from pores in the wood Air entrapment from preparation of paint Air entrapment from application Blistering from drying techniques Topcoat attacking previous coat |
Chemcraft
Solution | Use defoamer Use slower solvent balance Change airflow during drying, check for drafts Reduce air pressure during application Spray thin wash coat as first coat Ensure adequate flash off before oven Reduce viscosity Bring lacquer to room temperature Use correct thinner Use weakest solvent for previous coat to avoid blistering Reduce recirculation speed Reduce film thickness |
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B
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B
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Bénard Cells
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Common
Problem | Cell pattern in finish Color and surface irregularities |
Chemcraft
Solution | Add dispersant Add silicone additive to reduce surface tension Increase application viscosity Lower application thickness Add thixotrope or thickener |
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Bleeding
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Common
Problem | Color migration from coated substrate Color in sanding dust Colored film on surface |
Chemcraft
Solution | Avoid bleeding dyes and pigments Use vinyl sealer to seal color Change from acid catalyzed material |
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Blocking
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Common
Problem | Sticking together of panels when dry |
Chemcraft
Solution | Reduce film build applied Increase or ensure recommended dry times are followed Ensure ovens are at the correct temperature Increase or ensure correct airflow during dry Ensure correct temperature of substrate Decrease or ensure correct temperatures at stacking |
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Blooming
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Common
Problem | Hazy deposit on film Oily or wax-like substance on surface Reduced gloss Mottled or non-uniform surface |
Chemcraft
Solution | Adjust catalyst level – over–catalyzation Do not use stearated materials such as lacquers and certain polyesters under acid catalyzed coatings Check formula for incompatibility Check substrate for contamination |
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Blushing
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Common
Problem | Whitening of surface Lowering of gloss |
Chemcraft
Solution | Reduce humidity Use richer thinner Check water level in equipment Warm lacquer to room temperature Increase temperature of application area Slow dry time Dry waterborne stains or sealers |
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Brittleness
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Common
Problem | Poor coin scratch Delamination of film when impacted |
Chemcraft
Solution | Ensure that brittleness is not lack of adhesion Check with representative If a catalyzed system, check ratio |
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Brown Spots
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Common
Problem | Brown spots in film |
Chemcraft
Solution | Clean air lines of oil contamination Drain or repair oil separator |
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Bumps and Sinks
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Common
Problem | Uneven surface appearance Low depth of image (D.O.I.) |
Chemcraft
Solution | Add silicone flow additive Add thixotrope |
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C
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C
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Cold Check
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Common
Problem | Cracks in finish |
Chemcraft
Solution | Decrease dry film build Ensure minimum room temperature during cure Use only freshly catalyzed material Ensure correct catalyzation Ensure profiles are sanded to reduce sharp angles |
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Cratering
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Common
Problem | Depressions in finish with raised edges and material at center |
Chemcraft
Solution | Remove source of contamination Clean substrate before application Clean equipment before application Filter material Clean air system and ventilation control Addition of silicone flow agent |
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Crawling
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Common
Problem | Formation of beads, islands, craters or pinholes Poor wetting of substrate |
Chemcraft
Solution | Clean substrate before application Ensure sanding before application Addition of silicone flow agent |
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D
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D
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Discoloration
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Common
Problem | Change in color of finished parts Yellowing of film |
Chemcraft
Solution | Check age of coating Check contamination from drum liner Check iron or aluminum contamination from application equipment Check for presence of foreign vapors or fumes Check to ensure presence of UVA, if required Check to ensure material not stored at excessive heat Check for tannin bleed |
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Dry
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Common
Problem | Wet film Soft film |
Chemcraft
Solution | Decrease humidity during application Increase temperature in drying and curing area Clean wax or oil contamination from substrate Mix catalyst and thinner well into material Ensure correct ratio of catalyst Reduce / ensure correct addition of retarder solvent |
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F
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F
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Fat Edges and Picture Framing
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Common
Problem | Paint build-up on edges Poor edge coverage |
Chemcraft
Solution | Addition of thixotrope Addition of silicone flow agent Faster solvent balance Lower viscosity Ensure profiles are sanded to remove sharp edges |
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Fish Eyes
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Common
Problem | Depressions in finish with raised edges and uniform material at center Undispersed droplets in paint |
Chemcraft
Solution | Remove source of contamination Remove source of incompatibility Clean substrate before application Clean equipment before application Clean air system and ventilation control Addition of silicone flow agent |
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Floating
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Common
Problem | Mottled, blotchy or streaked appearance Separation and uneven distribution of pigment Result of Bénard cell formation |
Chemcraft
Solution | Increase application viscosity Lower application thickness Add thixotrope or thickener Add dispersant Add silicone additive to reduce surface tension |
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Flooding
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Common
Problem | Uniform color change Surface enrichment of one or more pigments Different color on disturbed surface/ Rub-up |
Chemcraft
Solution | Reduce film thickness Raise viscosity of coating Speed drying |
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G
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G
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Gloss Variation
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Common
Problem | Uneven gloss areas Incorrect / unexpected gloss Flat or glossy spots |
Chemcraft
Solution | Ensure correct drying or oven temperatures Ensure correct film build Apply seal coat to eliminate absorbent areas on substrate Reduce solvent strength to reduce exudation of resins from wood Ensure clean substrate Addition of silicone flow agent |
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Grey Pores
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Common
Problem | Grey areas in deep pores Poor cleaning of sanding dust from pores Poor wetting of pores |
Chemcraft
Solution | Blow out sanding dust from pores on sanded panels Reduce viscosity of sealer Add non-contaminating silicone to improve wetting of sealer Change sealer to improve wetting and shrink-back Change to urethane sealer |
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H
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H
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Haze
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Common
Problem | Dulling of finished surface Exudation to surface Fine solvent pops Microvoids Fine Bénard cells |
Chemcraft
Solution | Use correct thinner Check current catalyzation Check the dry of previous coat Stir material to ensure uniform product Use retarder solvent |
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Hiding
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Common
Problem | Poor coverage Show-through of dark lines at edges of profiles |
Chemcraft
Solution | Reduce amount of thinner in material Mix material thoroughly before use Increase / ensure correct film build Sand sharp corners of profiles Increase speed of solvent balance |
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L
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L
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Lifting
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Common
Problem | Wrinkling of the finish Unevenness of the ripple effect on surface |
Chemcraft
Solution | Ensure correct system Do not use weaker films under stronger Apply thinner coat of topcoat Apply heavier coat of sealer Use weaker reducer Ensure correct air movement and dry Allow longer dry on previous coat Ensure correct catalyzation Use freshly catalyzed materials |
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M
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M
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Marring
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Common
Problem | Surface damage when scratched |
Chemcraft
Solution | Use freshly catalyzed material Increase dry and cure of finish Increase cure area to room temperature Allow 14 days to obtain full cure with acid cure materials Add silicone anti-mar additive Follow manufacturers recommended shelf life Add coalescing solvent to waterborne material to ensure good film formation |
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Mud Cracking
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Common
Problem | Fine cracks in surface of waterborne finish |
Chemcraft
Solution | Increase temperature of application area Increase drying temperature Add coalescing solvent under agitation Increase substrate temperature |
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O
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O
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Orange Peel
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Common
Problem | Surface bumpiness or waviness Orange peel effect Poor leveling |
Chemcraft
Solution | Check and / or lower viscosity Apply correct or thicker film build Reduce dry spray or overspray Increase atomizing air Reduce fluid pressure Check correct air cap Use retarder solvent or rich thinner Eliminate excessive air movement Add silicone flow agent Apply even stroke with spray gun at the correct distance from the substrate |
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P
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P
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Printing
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Common
Problem | Marks in finish after stacking |
Chemcraft
Solution | Increase dry time Use freshly catalyzed materials Do not dry or cure in cool area Ensure correct catalyzation |
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R
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R
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Rub Up
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Common
Problem | Color change on disturbed area of finish Flocculation of pigments |
Chemcraft
Solution | Reduce film thickness Raise viscosity Add thixotrope or thickener Speed drying Add dispersant Add silicone additive to reduce surface tension |
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S
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S
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Sagging
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Common
Problem | Gravity driven flow on vertical surfaces |
Chemcraft
Solution | Speed up solvent balance Control or reduce application of material Increase application viscosity Correct spray application, avoid overlap, use correct gun angle, speed, gun movement Apply several thinner coats Reduce drafts and application in direct sunlight Increase temperature of application area Reduce application nozzle size Reduce fluid pressure |
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Seeds
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Common
Problem | Small granules in finish Undispersed or flocculated pigments Dirt Resin gel particles |
Chemcraft
Solution | Check to confirm dirt and not small air bubbles Clean environment Clean application equipment Filter material Use correct thinner Store and apply material at room temperature |
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Separation
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Common
Problem | Partial precipitation from solution Syneresis or phasing of material Pigment settling |
Chemcraft
Solution | Change solvent for reduction Store at room temperature Ensure good adhesion Lower amount of reduction Slower addition of reducer Keep container sealed to reduce oxidation |
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Silking
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Common
Problem | Parallel lines of irregularities in finish Floating problem Phase separation Specialized Bénard cells Incompatibility |
Chemcraft
Solution | Add dispersant Use silicone additive Increase application viscosity Add thixotrope or thickener |
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Skinning
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Common
Problem | Skin on surface of paint Gummy material in bottom of paint |
Chemcraft
Solution | Keep containers closed Check pot-life Add water / solvent coverage to material |
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Solvent Trap
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Common
Problem | Cracking / crazing of finish after unpacking Glossy or flat spot after stacking |
Chemcraft
Solution | Decrease or ensure correct film application Ensure correct air movement and dry times Do not store in cold environment before complete cure Increase cure before stacking or packing Ensure correct catalyzation |
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T
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T
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Tearing
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Common
Problem | Large cracks in waterborne finish Uneven drying of the surface before the body of the paint film Poor through cure in waterborne materials |
Chemcraft
Solution | Decrease surface heat to finish Increase substrate temperature |
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Telegraphing
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Common
Problem | Structural or surface features revealed in finish Show-through of fingerprints, water spots or sanding marks |
Chemcraft
Solution | Addition of silicone flow agent Increase viscosity of coating Addition of thixotrope Faster solvent balance |
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W
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W
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White Spots
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Common
Problem | White spots or contamination in film |
Chemcraft
Solution | Ensure flatting agent is completely mixed before application Filter material before use Check water separator |
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